Most of the pictures on this site were made by Bandai, where Aki Maita came up with the idea for a virtual pet. She interviewed high school girls to find out what features they would like to see in a virtual pet. The Tamagotchi design as we known it had to be made up first, on the left you can see some of the prototypes.
The idea of casing the pet in an egg was Aki's, since 'Tamago' means egg in Japanese and 'tchi' means cute or lovable - and so the name developed from the shape of the toy. For Bandai the toy came at the right time, the company had just been hit by net losses of more than '43 million in the period of 1996. They were an instant hit; people queued for hours all over the world to obtain one of these lovable eggs for their children. In the first year alone, Bandai figured that one was sold every second. Bandai has sold over 40 million Tamagotchis worldwide.
When the Tamagotchi was just released the Japanese people were anger to get their hand one one of those eggs. When a store announced that a thousand or so of the gadgets would be made available, Japanese children and adults travelled hundreds of miles to camp out on the street, hoping to buy one. Other people resorted to the underground market, where a Tamagotchi sold for 50 times its street value of 1,900 (about $18). In other words, up to $1,000 for a little plastic egg.
Tamagotchis were small, plastic eggs containing a tiny computer with a simple black and white LCD screen. The egg was attached to a keychain, to encourage owners to always keep their Tamagotchi close by. The eggs had different colors and designs on them, making them a collectors' item.
There were many Tamagotchi spin offs released, including Tiger Electronics' GigaPets. Bandai themselves released several different variations on Tamagotchi, like the Angelgotchi and the Ocean Tamagotchi. Although most Tamagotchis have the same basic ideas (happiness and hunger meters, discipline, etc), each different kind of Tamagotchi had their own unique game, food, and sometimes had varying icons on-screen.